First­ly, this report con­firms what we in the trade union move­ment have been argu­ing for decades: that humans are not going any­where when it comes to this sec­tor. What­ev­er tech­nolo­gies are deployed from among those cur­rent­ly avail­able, sea­far­ers and oth­er mar­itime work­ers will con­tin­ue to be crit­i­cal. Yes, new tech­nolo­gies will mean ship­ping will require dif­fer­ent kinds of skills among sea­far­ers, but sea­far­ers will still be need­ed, nonethe­less, for the over­whelm­ing major­i­ty of vessels.