Introduction
“Women’s movements and Gestational Surrogacy. Engaging, debating and policy making — WoMoGeS” is a 3‑year comparative study on the different positions, frames, strategic alliances, policy making and mobilization of women’s movements (WMs) on gestational surrogacy (GS) in 4 countries: USA, Mexico, Italy and India. WoMoGeS is conducted by researcher Dr Daniela Bandelli, under the supervision of sociologist Prof Consuelo Corradi at the LUMSA University in Rome. The project is funded by the European Commission Marie-Sklodowska Curie Actions (2018–2021). Initial findings and reflections elaborated during the first year of the project are summarized in this document in response to the OHCHR Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children’s call for inputs for the elaboration of the “Safeguards for the protection of the rights of children born from surrogacy arrangements”. International literature and observations of surrogacy activism in other countries (e.g. France, Spain, Australia) are also embedded in the study.